Nitrogen balance of goat kids fed diets containing peach palm meal / [Balanço de nitrogênio em caprinos alimentados com dietas contendo farinha de pupunha]

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o balanço de nitrogênio e a concentração de ureia no plasma em cabritos alimentados com dietas contendo farinha de pupunha em substituição ao milho (0, 10, 40, 60 e 85% MS). Trinta cabritos Boer × SRD, com 90 dias de idade e peso corporal inicial de 16,7 ± 3,5kg, foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com seis repetições. As dietas foram fornecidas diariamente ad libitum para permitir 10% das sobras. Três coletas foram realizadas a cada 28 dias. As dietas foram constituídas por milho, farelo de soja, farinha de pupunha, suplemento mineral e feno de Tifton-85, com a relação volumoso: concentrado de 30:70. O consumo de nitrogênio (N) diminuiu linearmente à medida que a farinha de pupunha substituiu o milho no concentrado. Com relação ao N digerido, os animais alimentados com níveis de farinha de pupunha apresentaram valores inferiores aos alimentados com o milho como única fonte de energia, com médias de 14,9 e 17,1g dia-1, respectivamente. A excreção urinária de N diminuiu à medida que a farinha de pupunha substituiu o milho no concentrado. O nível de 39% de farinha de pupunha reduziu a excreção urinária de ureia. Houve retenção máxima de N em 7,83g dia-1 para o nível de substituição de milho de 28,9% em farinha de pupunha.(AU)

Nitrogen metabolism in lactating goats fed with diets containing different protein sources.

This study aimed to evaluate urea excretion, nitrogen balance and microbial protein synthesis in lactating goats fed with diets containing different protein sources in the concentrate (soybean meal, cottonseed meal, aerial part of cassava hay and leucaena hay). Four Alpine goats whose mean body weight was 42.6±6.1 kg at the beginning of the experiment, a mean lactation period of 94.0±9.0 days and a production of 1.7±0.4 kg of milk were distributed in a 4×4 Latin square with four periods of 15 days. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous, containing 103.0 g/kg of CP, 400 g/kg of Tifton 85 hay and 600 g/kg of concentrate. Diet containing cottonseed meal provided (p<0.05) increased excretion of urea and urea nitrogen in the urine (g/d and mg/kg of BW) when compared with leucaena hay. The diets affected the concentrations of urea nitrogen in plasma (p<0.05) and excretion of urea nitrogen in milk, being that soybean meal and cottonseed meal showed (p<0.05) higher than the average aerial part of the cassava hay. The use of diets with cottonseed meal as protein source in the concentrate in feeding of lactating goats provides greater nitrogen excretion in urine and negative nitrogen balance, while the concentrate with leucaena hay as a source of protein, provides greater ruminal microbial protein synthesis.

Diets based on sugar cane treated with calcium oxide for lambs.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the intake, nutrient apparent digestibility and the effect of total collection days (two and four days) on apparent digestibility estimates for lambs fed diets containing sugar cane treated with calcium oxide (CaO). Eight Santa Inês castrated male lambs with a 16.6±1.8 kg body weight were used. The lambs were distributed in two 4×4 Latin squares, with four experimental periods of 14 d each. The animals were kept in 1.2 m(2) individual pens, and the intake and digestibility evaluations were performed during the last four days of each period. The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous, containing 14% crude protein (CP), and presenting 70% sugar cane treated with 0, 0.75, 1.5 or 2.25% of CaO (as-fed basis), corrected with 1% urea, and 30% concentrate. The sugar cane with added CaO was chopped, treated, and offered to the animals after 24 h of storage. The sugar cane with CaO increased the DM, OM, CP, NDF, NDFap, TC, NFCap and TDN intake (kg/d), when compared to natural sugar cane, and produced the same intake expressed as a percentage of body weight (% BW). The NFCap digestibility of the CaO-treated sugar cane was inferior to the NFCap digestibility in natural sugar cane. There was a linear increase in the DM intake with the CaO-added sugar cane, but the DM and NDF digestibility and the TDN content decreased linearly. The chemical treatment of sugar cane with CaO increases the intake but does not improve the nutrient digestibility. Two days of total fecal collection were found to be sufficient to estimate the total apparent digestibility in lambs.

Valor nutritivo da cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada com hidróxido de sódio ou óxido de cálcio / Nutritional value of the hydrolyzed sugarcane with sodium hydroxide or calcium oxide

Avaliaram-se o valor nutritivo e a temperatura de estabilidade aeróbia da cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada com hidróxido de sódio (NaOH) ou óxido de cálcio (CaO). Utilizou-se um esquema fatorial 2 × 4, com dois aditivos (NaOH e CaO) e quatro doses (0; 0,75; 1,5 e 2,25 por cento, com base na matéria natural), em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com quatro repetições. O material foi acrescido dos aditivos e armazenado por 24 horas em baldes plásticos com capacidade de 10L. Ambos os aditivos controlaram o aumento da temperatura da cana-de-açúcar, e o NaOH mostrou-se mais eficiente. Os teores de matéria seca e matéria mineral aumentaram linearmente, enquanto os constituintes da parede celular diminuíram com o aumento das doses dos aditivos. Tanto o NaOH quanto o CaO promoveram acréscimo nos valores de digestibilidade da matéria seca da cana-de-açúcar. O NaOH e o CaO melhoram o valor nutritivo da cana-de-açúcar, e o NaOH é mais eficiente.

The nutritional value and the temperature of aerobic stability of the hydrolyzed sugarcane by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or calcium oxide (CaO) were evaluated. The experiment was carried out in factorial arrangment 2×4, two additives (NaOH and CaO) and four doses (0; 0.75; 1.5; and 2.25 percent), in a completely randomized design with four repetitions per treatment. The material, after the addition of the additive, was stored per 24 hours in 10-L plastic pails. Both additives controlled the increase of temperature of sugarcane, but NaOH was more efficient. The dry matter and mineral matter contents lineally increased, while the cell wall contents decreased with the increase of the doses. Either NaOH or CaO promoted increment in values of sugarcane dry matter digestibility. NaOH and CaO improved the nutritional value of the sugarcane and NaOH was more efficient.